Everything You Need to Know About Nickel 200: Composition, Properties, Applications, and More

Have you ever wondered why the chemical composition of stainless steel and other Alloy metals, like Nickel 200 differ? It is because these chemical elements combine to give them distinct characteristics defining their benefits and use cases. Keep reading to learn more about this alloy material’s composition, properties, and benefits.

What Is Nickel 200?

Nickel alloy 200 was first discovered in the 18th century, but its full potential was realized in the 20th century when advancements in metallurgy allowed for its mass production. Since then, it has become essential in many industries, including aerospace, oceanic components, accessories, and chemical processing equipment.

Other stainless steel and Alloys with as little as 30% Nickel exhibit great electrical and thermal conductivity. On the flip side, Nickel 200 has more than 99.0% of this element, hence its impressive characteristics. It is valuable in the electronics and electrical engineering industries and components like heating elements, electrical contacts, and connectors. 

Nickel 200 Chemical Composition

Here’s a deeper look into the chemical elements making up nickel alloy 200 and the values to which manufacturers add them during production.

Nickel 200 Mechanical Properties

To achieve optimal performance and maintain longevity, every Alloy metal must combine various features, including the mechanical components. For better understanding, this chart shows 200 Nickel Alloy mechanical composition and their values.

Nickel 200 Physical Properties

Besides the chemical and mechanical components of the 200 Nickel Alloy. Its physical property (displayed in the chart below) is also crucial in ensuring its longevity and high-performance functions to its full potential. 

Nickel 200 Machinability

The alloy can be easily worked and fabricated using any machining technique. Its characteristics make it easier to machine than other nickel alloys. Nickel alloy 200 has low work hardening rate. Work hardening occurs when a metal becomes harder and less malleable as it is deformed during machining. 

However, Nickel 200 resists work hardening, allowing it to be machined with ease and reducing the risk of tool wear. Another factor contributing to its machinability is its high ductility. Ductility refers to a material’s ability to undergo plastic deformation without fracturing. Nickel 200 can be stretched, bent, or shaped without breaking, making it suitable for various machining processes.

In addition, 200 Nickel alloy easily dissipates heat generated during machining, reducing the risk of overheating and maintaining dimensional stability. The combination of low work hardening, high ductility, and good thermal conductivity makes Nickel 200 suitable for machining operations such as turning, milling, drilling, and tapping.

Nickel 200 Magnetic Permeability

Magnetic permeability measures a material’s ability to establish and sustain a magnetic field. At room temperature, Nickel 200 displays ferromagnetic behavior, which can be magnetized and retain its magnetism. This characteristic makes it useful in applications requiring magnetic properties, such as magnetic shielding and storage devices.

Nickel 200’s high magnetic permeability allows it to effectively redirect and absorb magnetic fields. This creates shields or barriers to protect sensitive electronic components from external magnetic interference. It can be used in electronic devices, scientific instruments, and even telecommunications to shield equipment from unwanted magnetic influences.

However, Nickel 200 magnetic permeability can be affected by temperature, stress, and composition. Nickel 200 undergoes a transition at elevated temperatures and loses its ferromagnetic properties, becoming paramagnetic instead. This transition is known as the Curie temperature, and for Nickel 200, it occurs at approximately 358°C (676°F).

Common Types of Nickel 200 Products

Limitations to what product you want from the Alloy Nickel 200 do not exist. Some of the products available in the market include Nickel alloy 200 bars, rods, flanges, strips, pipes, fittings, etc. Understanding the use of these products, you can make informed decisions when considering buying a Nickel 200 product suitable for your project.

• Nickel 200 Bars: Since they have high nickel content, they are not susceptible to acid-induced and neutral salt-induced corrosion. They are commonly used in chemical processing, marine equipment, electronics, and aerospace applications requiring deformation resistance and excellent mechanical properties. 

• Nickel 200 Plate: These are flat sheets with similar chemical, physical, and mechanical composition as their parent material. These plates offer similar excellent corrosion resistance and high thermal and electrical conductivity properties. 

They are used in chemical processing, food processing, electronics, and aerospace industries, where their resistance to corrosive media is essential. Nickel 200 plates can be easily formed and welded and are available in different thicknesses and dimensions to meet specific application requirements.

• Nickel 200 Flanges: Numerous fittings are used to connect pumps, pipes, and other equipment in piping systems, these fittings are called flanges. Nickel 200 flanges are highly durable and can withstand high temperatures and pressures. 

Manufacturers produce them in various sizes, shapes, and pressure ratings since high-pressure tolerance is a prerequisite in their applications. They can be easily installed and provide a reliable and leak-free connection.

• Nickel 200 Fittings: Nickel 200 fittings are essential components used in various industries for connecting and joining pipes and tubes. Nickel 200 fittings are widely utilized in industries such as chemical processing, oil and gas, petrochemical, and marine, where reliability and durability are paramount. 

Nickel 200 fittings are available in various types, including elbows, tees, reducers, couplings, and flanges, allowing for flexible installation and customization to meet specific requirements.

• Nickel 200 Strip: These are thin, flat metal sheets with high thermal and electrical conductivity properties. Nickel 200 strips find applications in diverse industries, including chemical processing and electronics, for various purposes. 

They can be formed, bent, or welded easily to create components such as gaskets, heat exchangers, and electrical connectors. They are available in different thicknesses and widths, allowing customization based on specific project needs.

• Nickel 200 Sheet: Nickel 200 sheets are flat, rectangular metal plates with applications in chemical processing, food processing, and electronics, where resistance to corrosive environments and excellent electrical properties are essential. 

They can be easily formed, machined, or welded to create different components, including tanks, heat exchangers, and electrical enclosures. Nickel 200 sheets are available in various thicknesses and dimensions, allowing for customization based on specific project requirements.

• Nickel 200 Vape: Nickel 200 vape refers to the use of Nickel 200 wire in electronic cigarettes or vaping devices. Nickel 200 wire has high thermal conductivity and low electrical resistance, making it a popular choice for temperature control vaping. 

In temperature control mode, the resistance of the coil made from Nickel 200 wire is monitored and regulated to maintain a consistent temperature. This allows for a more precise and controlled vaping experience. Some vapers appreciate Nickel 200 vape coils for providing a smooth and flavorful vape.

• Nickel 200 Rod: These rods are used in chemical processing, marine environments, and oil and gas applications. Unlike pipes, they do not have a central opening for passing fluids, hence their use in holding together structures, in manufacturing, and machinery.

• Nickel 200 Bolts: These bolts are used in environments where exposure to extreme temperatures, chemicals, or rust substances is a concern. This property makes them ideal for bolting applications involving acids, alkalies, and saltwater environments. 

• Nickel 200 Tubes: Nickel 200 tubes are hollow cylindrical structures used for various industries’ heat exchangers, condensers, and other critical components. The corrosion resistance of Nickel 200 tubes ensures their durability in demanding environments, while their high thermal and electrical conductivity allows for efficient heat transfer and electrical transmission.

Nickel 200 ASTM Specification

Manufacturers use this alloy material to build various products, ranging from sheets, plates, rods, bars, tubes, wires, pipes, etc. But to meet the highest industry standards, these products must meet certain criteria. The table below highlights the ASTM International specification for various Nickel 200 products.

Applications of Nickel 200

This alloy has unique features making it stand out amidst various stainless steel and alloy metal materials. It has great thermal stability, high strength, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion, making it ideal for applications involving extreme temperatures and thermal cycling, it is also used in:

• Electronics and Electrical Engineering: It is used for manufacturing electrical contacts, connectors, heating elements, and other components that require efficient heat and electricity transfer.
• Battery Manufacturing: Nickel 200 produces rechargeable batteries due to its good electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. It is commonly used as an electrode material in nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries.
• Jewelry: Nickel 200’s attractive silver-like appearance, durability, and hypoallergenic nature make it a popular choice for crafting jewelry. It is often used to create rings, necklaces, watches, chains, and other accessories.
• Aerospace Industry: Nickel 200 is extensively used in the aerospace industry due to its high thermal stability, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent strength. It is employed in turbine blades, exhaust systems, and other critical components that require reliability and performance under extreme temperatures.

• Marine Applications: The alloy’s resistance to corrosion makes it ideal for marine environments. It is used in shipbuilding, offshore platforms, and seawater desalination plants, where it can withstand the corrosive effects of saltwater.
• Heat Exchangers: Nickel 200’s thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance are an asset in heat exchanger applications. It is used to construct heat exchanger tubes and plates, enabling efficient heat transfer between different fluids.
• Nuclear Industry: The Nickel 200 alloy material is employed in the nuclear industry for its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. It is used in constructing nuclear reactors, fuel handling systems, and other components that require reliability and resistance to radiation.
• Food Processing: Nickel 200’s non-reactive nature and rust resistance make it suitable for food processing equipment, where food hygiene is a prerequisite during and after industrial processes. It produces cookware, storage tanks, and sanitary piping systems.
• Magnetic Shielding: Nickel 200’s magnetic properties, including its high magnetic permeability, make it valuable for creating shields against external magnetic interference. It is used in applications such as magnetic shielding for electronic devices and equipment in sensitive industries like telecommunications.
• Chemical Industry: Its exceptional resistance to corrosion makes it an ideal choice for manufacturing equipment that comes into contact with aggressive chemicals. It is commonly used to produce chemical processing vessels, valves, and piping systems.

Advantages of Nickel 200

Nickel 200 stands out from the crowd for many reasons. It has high corrosion resistance in nuclear and alkaline salt solutions and can withstand workspace operating at 600º F. Other benefits of Alloy Nickel 200 to various sectors and industrial workers include:

• High-Temperature Stability: Nickel 200 can maintain its mechanical properties and dimensional stability at elevated temperatures, making it suitable for applications that involve extreme heat, such as aircraft components, chemical processing component, and heat exchangers.
• Good Ductility: Nickel 200 exhibits high ductility, allowing it to be easily formed, stretched, or shaped without fracturing. This makes it suitable for various fabrication processes and contributes to its excellent machinability.
• Thermal Conductivity: The Nickel 200 conductivity to thermal energy is excellent, enabling efficient heat transfer. Hence, its common application in heat exchangers and other applications where heat dissipation is crucial.
• Electrical Conductivity: Nickel 200 is used in electrical and electronic components with high electrical conductivity. It ensures efficient electricity transmission and is utilized in electrical contacts, connectors, power distribution components, and heating elements.
• Magnetic Properties: When it comes to magnetic properties, Nickel 200 exhibits high magnetic permeability. This makes it useful in applications such as magnetic shielding, where it can redirect and absorb magnetic fields.
• Weldability: Nickel 200 is easily weldable and can be joined to other metals using various welding techniques, such as TIG (tungsten inert gas) and resistance welding. This allows for easy fabrication and assembly of components, such as Nickel 200 alloy plates, sheets, tubes, and pipes.
• Numerous Use Cases: The combination of Nickel 200 properties makes it versatile and applicable in diverse industries, including chemical processing, rechargeable batteries, aerospace, electronics, and jewelry. Its application cuts across various components and equipment.
• Longevity and Durability: Due to its corrosion resistance, stability at high temperatures, and mechanical strength, Nickel 200 exhibits long service life and durability in demanding environments, reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

Limitations of Nickel 200

Nickel 200 may not be suitable for applications that require higher strength, resistance to heavy loads, and workspaces involving distilled/neutral water. Aside from low strength, other disadvantages of Nickel 200 include:

• Restricted Use in Oxidizing Environments: Nickel 200 is not recommended for use in oxidizing environments, such as oxidizing acids or hot, concentrated nitric acid. In such environments, the alloy may experience accelerated corrosion.

• Low Resistance to Reducing Environments: Nickel 200 is susceptible to corrosion in reducing environments, particularly in the presence of sulfur or sulfur compounds. It may experience stress corrosion cracking or corrosion under specific conditions.
• Low Hardness: It is relatively soft than other alloys, which can lead to wear and deformation in applications subjected to high pressures or abrasive conditions. It may require additional protective measures in such cases.
• Curie Temperature Limitation: Nickel 200 undergoes a transition at elevated temperatures known as the Curie temperature (approximately 358°C or 676°F). Beyond this point, it loses its ferromagnetic properties, which can limit its use in high-temperature magnetic applications.

Comparison Between Nickel 200 and Other Nickel Alloys

Each Nickel Alloy has unique characteristics, advantages, and applications that suit various industries and corrosive environments. Here’s an overview of the difference and similarities between six different Nickel alloy materials.

1. Nickel 200 Vs Nickel 201

When comparing Nickel 200 vs. Nickel 201; the first is best for applications with resistance to deformation and high mechanical strength as a strict condition, such as aircraft components, and power distribution. 

On the other hand, Nickel 201, is particularly suitable for applications involving strong reducing agents, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and alkaline salt solutions, due to its 0.02 percentage of carbon.

2. Nickel 200 Vs 205

The presence of copper in Nickel 205 enhances its resistance to deformation in certain environments, particularly in reducing acids. On the other hand, Nickel 200 does not easily lose electrons to oxygen, hence its application in workspaces concerned about corrosion.

3. Nickel 200 Vs 718

Nickel 718 is a precipitation-hardening alloy metal. Nickel 200 and Nickel 718 have different mechanical properties and applications. Nickel 200 is resistant to oxide formation and is a good thermal energy conductor.

On the flip side, it is commonly used in demanding applications that require high strength and resistance to extreme environments, such as gas turbines, jet engines, and oil and gas industry components.

Nickel 200 Weldability

The low carbon content of this alloy reduces the risk of carbide precipitation and sensitization during welding, which can cause the alloy to become susceptible to corrosion and reduce mechanical properties. This makes Nickel 200 less prone to weld-related issues and ensures the integrity of the welded joints. 

Manufacturers who want to control their welding process normally incorporate the tungsten inert gas method.  On the flip side, MIG welding uses a consumable wire electrode and an inert gas shield to protect the weld pool during the process. It offers higher deposition rates than TIG welding and is commonly used for larger and thicker weldments. 

Welding Nickel 200 to Carbon Steel

You can weld Nickel 200 to carbon steel. However, certain challenges may be incurred, and some factors must be addressed to ensure a successful and reliable weld. One challenge when welding Nickel 200 to carbon steel is the difference in their thermal expansion coefficients, Nickel 200 has a lower co. of thermal expansion. 

Therefore, they will expand and contrast different rates, which isn’t much of a problem. It can only lead to residual stresses and potential cracking of the fabrication interface. To mitigate this, you must use proper joint design, preheat them, and carry out an intricate post-weld heat treatment.

When welding Nickel 200 to carbon steel, it is common practice to use intermediate filler materials to bridge the gap between the two dissimilar base metals. These filler materials, often nickel-based alloys, help to accommodate the differences in thermal expansion, provide a compatible weld pool, and enhance the mechanical properties of the joint. 

Another crucial part of this process is deciding what welding technique will achieve the desired result. It is common to use TIG or MIG (metal inert gas) welding with appropriate shielding gases. 

These methods provide precise control over the welding process and allow for the adjustment of parameters to accommodate dissimilar base materials. Pre-weld and post-weld cleaning processes, such as mechanical cleaning, solvent cleaning, or wire brushing, are also necessary to ensure proper fusion and improve the weld quality.

FAQ

1. What Is Nickel 200 Price?

The Nickel 200 price varies depending on the manufacturer, location, customization options, and other factors. However, the Nickel 200 material sells for an average of $35-$80 per kg. Also, remember that the product, wire, flanges, bars, plates, or sheet will also determine the price of the Nickel 200 material.

2. What Is the Recommended Annealing Temperature for Nickel 200?

For Nickel 200, the recommended annealing temperature is between 705°C to 875°C. This ensures that the material reaches its critical temperature, restoring its grain structure and eliminating any work-hardening effects or other defects that may have occurred during fabrication or use.

Annealing Nickel 200 or other materials refers to the fabrication process where the alloy is subject to heating and cooling rounds to improve its mechanical properties. During this process, the Nickel 200 material is heated to the target temperature and held there for a long time to allow the desired changes to occur. 

After the annealing, Nickel 200 is slowly cooled to room temperature to avoid any rapid temperature changes that could induce additional stresses or cause distortion. This slow cooling process is often called “furnace cooling” and ensures the material retains its desired properties.

Applications and Industries

Nickel 200 is used to manufacture electronic parts (high-power infrared emitters and radio valves) electrical components (battery connections, and terminals) heating element wirings, welding consumables, and more.

This alloy also serves the food processing industry, aerospace, chemical industry, missile components, synthetic fiber processing, and more.

Other Designations

• ASME SB-160
• DIN 17750-17754
• BS 3072-3076
• ASTM B 730
• AWS 070